There have been several CGT changes since April 2020:
When you sell a property in the UK, you can deduct your tax-free allowance from your total gain. The annual CGT tax-free allowance reduced from £12,300 for the 2022/23 tax year, to £6,000 for the 2023/24, and then again to £3,000 for the 2024/25 tax year.
Couples jointly owning their property can combine their individual allowances, potentially allowing a gain of £12,000 reducing to £6,000 from 6 April 2024 before liability to pay CGT. Losses made during the same tax year as gains need to be managed to ensure that they are available to reduce the gains subject to CGT.
The concept of FHLs has been around for many years and allows properties which qualify to benefit from various tax reliefs that are not generally available to other rental property businesses.
However, the 2024 Budget announced that these special rules applying to FHLs will be abolished from 6 April 2025. It means that there will be no special advantage for those who let their properties short-term as holiday lets over those to let residential properties over the longer term. Those who are affected should consider now how this may affect them from 6 April 2025.
Rules introduced from April 2017 exist to restrict the tax relief that can be claimed by higher rate taxpayers who use loans to finance residential buy-to-let properties. The effects of these rules were phased in over a four year period.
Rules introduced from April 2017 exist to restrict the tax relief that can be claimed by higher rate taxpayers who use loans to finance residential buy-to-let properties. The effects of these rules were phased in over a four year period. From 2020/21 onwards, all financing costs incurred are disallowable in calculating the rental profit for the year and instead will be relieved as a basic rate tax reduction only in calculating your tax position.
Where the rental business does not generate a profit or is covered by brought forward losses or by reliefs (personal allowance) from the 2020/21 tax year, the amount of mortgage interest costs is not utilised as a basic rate tax deduction. These unrelieved costs will be carried forward and relieved in future years where a taxable rental profit arises.
These rules can particularly impact owner managers whose income is paid in the form of dividends from their company, as tax relief is not available against taxes paid on investment income.
HMRC is known to send nudge letters to taxpayers on this subject, intended to prompt a review of the relief claimed to ensure it is correct.
Clients are taking action following the changes to loan interest relief and are considering the following:
It is important to take advice to understand how these changes will affect you.
Reminder of different rates
There remain a number of different ways to calculate SDLT, which can give a better outcome than using the standard SDLT rates. They include:
Repayment of the 3% surcharge
If you purchase a home before you are able to sell your existing home, you are required to pay a 5% SDLT surcharge (increased from 3% following the October 2024 budget). If you sell your former main residence within three years, you are able to re-claim the 5% SDLT paid. There is a time limit to make a claim:
Property is usually the most valuable asset class in a property owners’ estate on their death. Inheritance Tax (IHT) at 40% on the value is typically paid on those with assets exceeding the nil rate band. It is important to understand what would happen in the event of your death, both in terms of who is to inherit the asset but also the amount of tax to be paid by your estate. If you wish to estimate your IHT exposure please use our IHT calculator.
There are many planning ideas to consider, including gifting strategies. More information can be found on our Inheritance tax hub.
Limited company profits are chargeable to corporation tax, currently at a rate of between 19% to 25% depending on the level of profits. The 19% rate typically applies where profits in the year are less than £50,000 and the 25% applied where profits exceed £250,000, with a varying rate applying between the two. This needs to be compared to the income tax rates currently at 20% (basic rate), 40% (higher rate) and 45% (additional rate).
If the business owner chose to take profits out of the company, then, in addition to the company paying corporation tax on the rental profits, the director shareholder(s) would then also incur tax on extraction of the profits from the limited company, at either income tax rates if extracted by way of a salary at income tax rates, or dividend rates of 8.75% / 33.75% and 39.35%.There are advantages and disadvantages (such as increased administration costs) of holding your rental business in a company. It is important to take advice in order to consider all aspects and make an informed choice based on your individual circumstances.
Some clients who own a portfolio of properties in their own name choose to incorporate their business. This transfer to a company will have Capital Gains Tax and SDLT implications. There are reliefs available in certain specific circumstances.
With property matters, it is always important to take tax advice due to the impact property has on all areas of taxation. There are opportunities for planning which can be taken advantage of every tax year. To discuss your individual circumstances and what options are available to you please get in touch with Mark Stemp or your local Crowe contact.
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